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Better decisions under uncertainty

We help public-sector, infrastructure and financial organisations improve estimates and risk decisions with AI/ML-enhanced Reference Class Forecasting, using comparable cases, macroeconomic context and explainable AI to make key drivers visible.

Especially where poor estimates and downside risk have real consequences.

Traditional risk assessments often miss context

Many estimates and risk assessments still rely too heavily on internal assumptions, static benchmarks or limited historical comparison. That makes it harder to see downside risk clearly, especially when project context and macroeconomic conditions matter.

Our approach

Our approach combines reference-class evidence, quantitative modelling and out-of-sample validation to strengthen Reference Class Forecasting with AI/ML.

Using explainable AI, we identify which comparable cases, macroeconomic context and underlying drivers matter most.

  • Reference-class evidence
  • AI/ML-enhanced forecasting
  • Out-of-sample validation
  • Explainable AI and visible drivers
  • Risk assessments grounded in context

From assumptions to defensible risk decisions

This helps organisations move beyond subjective assumptions and produce more transparent, more robust and more defensible risk assessments that reflect project and macroeconomic context.

More transparent

See which comparable cases, macro conditions and drivers shape the risk outcome.

More robust

Ground estimates and risk assessments in quantitative modelling and out-of-sample validation.

More defensible

Support high-stakes decisions with explainable outputs, documented assumptions and observed performance.

Where this approach creates value

Large-project cost and risk estimation

Improve estimates and contingency decisions for projects where estimate error is costly.

Land development risk

Assess development risk in context rather than through static assumptions alone.

Interest rate and inflation risk

Analyse risk under changing macroeconomic conditions over time.

Context-driven forecasting for public decision making

Support public investment and policy decisions with more context-aware risk insight.

Built for transparency, validation and explainability

We publish model documentation and validation material to clarify assumptions, limitations and observed performance.

Out-of-sample validation

Explainable AI

Observed performance

Transparent model documentation

Products, tools and decision support

Explore our products and services for context-dependent risk assessment, including AI/ML-enhanced Reference Class Forecasting, risk tools and decision support grounded in transparent validation and observed performance.

More products and services …

See if this improves your estimates and risk decisions

Use Cases in practice

See where AI/ML-enhanced Reference Class Forecasting creates value in practice, from large-project cost estimation to land development, interest rate risk and context-driven public decision making.

Read how we apply RCF-AI, or AI-enhanced Reference Class Forecasting, to dike reinforcement projects. This method helps to obtain better grounded and context dependent cost estimates.

The following use case explores how one municipality improves the process of risk measurement on a portfolio of land development projects by using context dependent risk estimates

Financial Risk - Land development
Financieel risico - project risk

See how to assess various aspects of investment and operating risk in public projects.

E.g. an outdoor swimming facility or an art museum.

Learn how to obtain a risk estimate for a loan portfolio that is to be refinanced using the so called ‘Value at Risk’ method.

Financial Risk - Loan portfolio

More use cases …

Insights

Learn about the basics of reference class forecasting and its role in predicting expectation and risks. Discover how it improves risk forecasts and project success.

Discover the psychology of loss and risk aversion in decision-making. Explore how humans avoid negative impacts and uncertainty.

Risk aversion - CPT
Financial Risk - Interest rate risk

Explore the main factors that need to be considered when calculating the refinancing costs.

In this series of articles we analyze the model performance of four interest rate models and show how context adds value.

  • Solvency II: EU capital requirements for insurance sector
  • Wtp: new pension funds regulation in The Netherlands
  • BASE method: statistical method, no context dependence
  • REGIME-BASED method: context dependent statistical method

Finally, let’s put these models together and select the optimal risk model.

Financial Risk - Model validation
Historical land prices 1914 to 2023
Land prices 1914 to 2023

We analyse historical land prices in the Netherlands and use a context-driven regime-based model to forecast the risk.

More insights ...

Our team

If you wish to receive more information or schedule a (video) call please send us aRequest for Information

Our way of work & values

question assumptions

search for main risk drivers

search for main risk drivers

context drivven decisions

take context into account

iterative goal oriented

iterative goal oriented

focus on details

focus on details

take ownership

take ownership

integrity humbleness values

integrity, humbleness

open communication

open communication

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